The Science of Feedback: How to Deliver It in a Way That Sticks
Feedback is an essential part of coaching and development, yet it’s often one of the most misunderstood aspects of the process. Poorly delivered feedback can lead to defensiveness, disengagement, and even diminished performance. On the other hand, well-delivered feedback can inspire growth, reinforce positive behaviors, and create lasting change. The difference lies in how the brain processes and responds to feedback, a process that neuroscience sheds valuable light on.
At Braintrust, we believe that understanding the science behind feedback can elevate coaching effectiveness and help individuals and teams reach their full potential. Feedback is not just about what is said—it’s about how it’s delivered and received.
The human brain is naturally wired to seek rewards and avoid threats. This means that feedback, especially when it is critical, can trigger the brain’s amygdala, the part of the brain responsible for the fight-or-flight response. When this happens, the prefrontal cortex, which governs rational thinking and problem-solving, is momentarily overridden, making it harder for individuals to process and apply feedback effectively.
To avoid triggering this defensive response, feedback must be delivered in a way that engages the brain’s reward system rather than its threat response. Positive reinforcement is one of the most effective tools in this regard. Highlighting what a person is doing well not only boosts their confidence but also releases dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and motivation. This creates a positive feedback loop, encouraging the individual to continue the behavior and remain open to constructive input.
Specificity is another critical factor in making feedback effective. Vague comments like “You need to improve your communication skills” leave the recipient unsure of what actions to take. In contrast, feedback that pinpoints specific behaviors or actions—such as “During yesterday’s meeting, I noticed that you interrupted a few speakers. Taking a moment to pause before responding could help foster a more collaborative discussion”—provides clear, actionable guidance.
Timing also matters. Feedback is most impactful when it’s delivered close to the event or behavior being discussed. The brain’s ability to connect feedback with specific actions diminishes over time, so addressing the issue promptly ensures the feedback is relevant and easier to apply.
Equally important is the tone of delivery. A calm, supportive, and nonjudgmental tone helps create a sense of psychological safety, allowing the recipient to process the feedback without feeling attacked or demoralized. This approach fosters an environment where feedback is seen as an opportunity for growth rather than a personal critique.
The role of self-reflection cannot be overlooked. Encouraging individuals to reflect on their own performance before offering feedback can increase receptivity. When people identify areas for improvement on their own, they are more likely to take ownership of the necessary changes. Asking open-ended questions such as “How do you think the presentation went?” or “What would you do differently next time?” invites self-assessment and opens the door for constructive dialogue.
At Braintrust, we incorporate these neuroscience-backed principles into our coaching methodologies, helping leaders and teams master the art of effective feedback. By understanding how the brain responds to different types of feedback, we guide clients in creating a feedback culture that motivates, inspires, and drives sustainable change.
The science of feedback extends beyond individual coaching sessions. It plays a crucial role in team dynamics and organizational growth. Leaders who excel at delivering feedback foster environments of trust, accountability, and continuous improvement. Employees in these environments feel empowered to learn from their mistakes and build on their strengths, contributing to higher engagement and performance.
Feedback is not simply about pointing out areas for improvement. It’s about guiding people toward their goals with clarity, encouragement, and actionable insights. When delivered effectively, feedback becomes a powerful catalyst for growth and transformation.
If you’re ready to master the art of brain-friendly feedback and elevate your coaching or leadership skills, Braintrust can help. Visit braintrustgrowth.com to learn more about our neuroscience-based coaching programs and discover how to make feedback a tool for lasting success. Together, we can transform the way you lead, communicate, and inspire growth in others.
